Naturalization is the process by which individuals of other nationalities can acquire a new citizenship, being a privilege offered by the host country. This path differs from citizenship by birth, which is automatically given based on place of birth or descent (known as jus soli or jus sanguinis). So let's explore how this process unfolds in Brazil and other countries, highlighting the requirements and associated benefits.
Naturalization in Brazil
In Brazil, there are two main modalities: ordinary naturalization and provisional naturalization.
Ordinary naturalization is for foreigners who meet all the legal requirements, such as a period of residence in Brazil of at least four years. However, this time can be reduced to one year in specific situations, such as marriage to a Brazilian citizen or the presence of children born in Brazil. In addition to the length of residence, it is essential that the applicant demonstrates sufficient understanding of Portuguese and has legitimate means of subsistence.
On the other hand, provisional naturalization applies to minors who entered Brazil before the age of 10. These young people have the opportunity to transform this condition into definitive citizenship when they reach the age of majority. To do so, they must continue to reside in the country, demonstrate good behavior and complete some level of schooling in Brazil, meeting additional requirements.
In terms of statistics, in 2023 the country had more than 15,000 applications processed, reflecting an increase in interest on the part of foreigners in officially integrating into the Brazilian nation. Among the applicants, a significant number of approved applications came from people from Haiti, Cuba, Syria and Senegal.
Global Scenario
On the international scene, the United States requires that aspiring naturalizers have a green card, maintain a physical presence in the country for a substantial period of three to five years, and pass civics and English language tests. In addition, members of the armed forces can benefit from facilitated conditions.
In countries like Argentina and Peru, it is possible to apply for citizenship after two years of residence, as long as the person can prove an honest income. In Poland and Canada, three years' residence is required, with facilities for those married to local citizens. In Portugal, the process requires five years' residence and a certain level of proficiency in the local language.
Naturalization brings a number of benefits, including the right to vote, extended freedom of travel, job opportunities that require citizenship and greater legal protection against deportation. Thus, the quest for naturalization is more than just a legal procedure, it allows for cultural and social integration. Understanding each stage and the necessary requirements of each country is important to better prepare for this transition.
